Integrasi Kurikulum Pesantren dan Nasional: Analisis Literatur untuk Strategi Peningkatan Mutu Lulusan Pesantren

Abstract

This article examines the historical development of Islamic education in Indonesia before independence, focusing on the early Islamic kingdoms and colonial periods. Using a qualitative approach through library research, this study analyzed various historical documents, academic journals, and relevant literature to understand the evolution of Islamic education systems. The findings reveal three distinct phases of development: First, the Islamic kingdom phase, where education flourished through informal systems in the kingdoms of Samudra Pasai, Perlak, Aceh Darussalam, Demak, and Mataram. These kingdoms established educational institutions ranging from basic Quranic studies to higher learning centers. Second, the colonial phase under Dutch rule was characterized by discriminatory policies, including the Teacher Ordinance of 1905 and the Wild School Ordinance, which significantly restricted Islamic education development. Third, the Japanese colonial period (1942-1945) paradoxically provided opportunities for Islamic education advancement despite their occupation. The study concludes that Islamic education in pre-independence Indonesia demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability, evolving from informal religious instruction to more structured educational systems, despite facing various challenges under different political regimes.